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    Roux-En Gastric Bypass (RYGB)

    Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is one of the most commonly performed types of bariatric (weight-loss) surgeries worldwide. It combines both restrictive and malabsorptive techniques to help patients lose weight effectively and improve obesity-related health conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and heart disease.

    In this procedure, the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a larger lower remnant. The small pouch, which can hold only a small amount of food (around 1 oz or 30 mL), is then directly connected to a portion of the small intestine (the Roux limb). This bypasses most of the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum and part of the jejunum), limiting the absorption of calories and nutrients.

    RYGB has been considered the “gold standard” for weight-loss surgery for decades due to its reliable outcomes and long-term health benefits. It not only reduces calorie intake but also affects gut hormones, improving satiety and blood sugar control.

    How Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass is Performed

    The procedure is usually done laparoscopically and typically lasts 2–3 hours. Patients generally stay in the hospital for 2–3 days post-operation and may return to work within 2–4 weeks, depending on their recovery.

    Procedure

    • General anesthesia is given to the patient for a pain-free procedure.
    • The surgeon creates a small pouch at the top of the stomach using surgical staples.
    • A section of the small intestine is divided and attached to the newly created stomach pouch (Roux limb).
    • The bypassed portion of the stomach and intestine is reattached further down the small intestine to allow digestive juices to mix with food.
    • All incisions are closed, and the patient is monitored during recovery.
    1.How is Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass different from other weight-loss surgeries?

    RYGB differs in that it combines two mechanisms—restriction and malabsorption. Unlike sleeve gastrectomy, which only restricts stomach size, RYGB also bypasses part of the small intestine, reducing calorie and nutrient absorption. This leads to more significant and often quicker weight loss. Additionally, it improves metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes even before major weight loss occurs, thanks to hormonal changes.

    After RYGB, lifelong dietary changes and nutritional supplementation are essential. Patients must follow a high-protein, low-sugar, and low-fat diet, often in small, frequent meals. Nutritional deficiencies (such as iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and folate) are common without supplements. There are also surgical risks such as dumping syndrome (nausea, diarrhea after sugary meals), marginal ulcers, and bowel obstruction. Regular follow-ups and lab tests are crucial to monitor health and nutrient levels.

    Technically, RYGB can be reversed, but it is complex and rarely done due to risks. Long-term success depends on patient commitment to dietary habits, physical activity, and regular medical follow-up. Most patients maintain 60–80% excess weight loss over many years. However, weight regain is possible if lifestyle habits are not maintained.